LEGAL BASIS OF ACQUITTAL IN BANKING CREDIT CORRUPTION: PANGKALPINANG DISTRICT COURT CASE
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in acquitting the defendant, Ardian Hendri Prasetyo, in a corruption case involving bank credit distribution at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Pangkalpinang Branch. It also examines the consistency of the verdict with the principles of criminal law and the anti-corruption legal framework in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach and court decision analysis. The data were obtained through literature review and official court documents. The findings indicate that the Panel of Judges found the elements of corruption, particularly abuse of authority and state financial loss, not legally and convincingly proven. The acquittal also reflects the application of the in dubio pro reo principle and procedural criminal law. This study contributes to a better understanding of evidentiary law in banking corruption cases and highlights the importance of accurate legal interpretation of criminal elements.
Downloads
References
Agung, G. P. F., Sugiartha, I. N. G., & Widyantara, I. M. M. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pada Bank NTT Cabang Surabaya (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 19/ Pid.Sus.Tpk/2021/Pn.Kupang). 6(2). https://doi.org/10.22225/jah.6.2.2024.172-178
Akins, B., Dou, Y., & Ng, J. (2017). Corruption in bank lending: The role of timely loan loss recognition. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 63(2–3), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2016.08.003
Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2024). Agency theory, corporate governance and corruption: An integrative literature review approach. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2337893. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2337893
Aloumi, N. T. (2022). Corporate criminal liability for Bribery in Kuwait: Issues in disclosing commissions. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(3), 1102–1113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2021-0081
Aristo, M. A. (2020). Criminal Law Policy Against Actor Of Criminal Performance Persecution. Jurnal Daulat Hukum, 3(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i1.8412
Azora Kumala Sari, S. (2020). Pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap tindak pidana korupsi kredit fiktif berdasarkan undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo. Undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal Panji Keadilan : Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Mahasiswa Hukum, 2(2), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.36085/jpk.v2i2.1167
Ben Ali, M. S., Fhima, F., & Nouira, R. (2020). How does corruption undermine banking stability? A threshold nonlinear framework. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100365
Bissio, R. (2021). Leveraging Corruption: How World Bank Support to Private Sector Undermines Emerging Democracies. Development, 64(1–2), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-021-00289-x
Bolarinwa, S. T., & Soetan, F. (2019). The effect of corruption on bank profitability. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(3), 753–773. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2018-0102
Brusca, I., Manes Rossi, F., & Aversano, N. (2018). Accountability and Transparency to Fight against Corruption: An International Comparative Analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 20(5), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2017.1393951
Cahyono, Y., & Ahmad, G. A. (2024). Analisis Yuridis Putusan Lepas (Ontslag Van Alle Rechtsvervolging) Melalui Putusan Nomor 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020 Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas.
Corruption in Indonesia (Is It Right to Governance, Leadership and It to Be Caused?). (2020). Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.7176/JESD/11-2-06
Dio Alfarago. (2023). The Likelihood of Fraud from The Fraud Hexagon Perspective: Evidence from Indonesia. ABAC Journal, 43, 3451. https://doi.org/10.14456/ABACJ.2023.3
Fasa, A. W. H., Ferianto, F., & Hendrix, T. (2020). Analysis Of Element ‘Unlawful’ Of Corruption In The Banking Sector (Study Of The Supreme Court Decision Number 1812 K / Pid.Sus / 2014). Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 9(3), 397. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.9.3.2020.397-424
Hariansah, S. (2022). Analisis Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Budaya Hukum dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara: Studi Kritis Pendekatan Masyarakat, Budaya dan Hukum. Krtha Bhayangkara, 16(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v16i1.1000
Hariansah, S. (2024). Analisis Socio-legal Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Perang Ketupat di Kecamatan Tempilang, Bangka Barat. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 13(4), 833–848. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2024.v13.i0%25204.p06
Hasan, R., & Ashfaq, M. (2021). Corruption and its diverse effect on credit risk: Global evidence. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00060-1
Hassan, M. K., Khan, A., & Paltrinieri, A. (2019). Liquidity risk, credit risk and stability in Islamic and conventional banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 48, 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.10.006
Hoinaru, R., Buda, D., Borlea, S. N., Văidean, V. L., & Achim, M. V. (2020). The Impact of Corruption and Shadow Economy on the Economic and Sustainable Development. Do They “Sand the Wheels” or “Grease the Wheels”? Sustainability, 12(2), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020481
Khalimi, K., & Alam, K. (2022). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Dalam Pemberian Kredit Perbankan. Yustitia, 8(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.31943/yustitia.v8i1.152
Kohler, J. C., & Bowra, A. (2020). Exploring anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank Group, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00629-5
Kuswandi, K., Junadi, Y., & Putri, A. (2022). Penerapan Prinsip Business Judgement Rule Dalam Putusan Lepas Terkait Tindak Pidana Korupsi Direktur Korporasi. Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia, 8(2), 509. https://doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v8i2.3083
Lykhova, S. Ya., Lysko, T. D., Kosilova, O. I., Kyrychenko, O. V., & Shamara, O. V. (2022). Criminal liability for corruption offenses: A comparativelegal aspect. Informatologia, 55(1–2), 76–97. https://doi.org/10.32914/i.55.1-2.7
Meiryani, M., Isa, S. M., & Kerta, J. M. (2024). Money laundering in corruption cases in Indonesia. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 27(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-05-2022-0069
Morawski, W., & Boháč, R. (2023). In Dubio Pro Tributario/In Dubio Mitius as a Rule of Reasoning in Tax Law Interpretation. Intertax, 51(Issue 6/7), 506–518. https://doi.org/10.54648/TAXI2023041
Muhtar, M. H. (2019). Model Politik Hukum Pemberantasan Korupsi Di Indonesia Dalam Rangka Harmonisasi Lembaga Penegak Hukum. Jambura Law Review, 1(1), 68–93. https://doi.org/10.33756/jalrev.v1i1.1988
Mulyadi, M., & Pakpahan, E. F. (2021). IMPLEMENTATION OF CORUPTION CRIMINAL SANCTIONS AGAINTS COUNTRY OFFICERS WHO CONDUCTED CRIMINAL ACT OF CORUPTION DURING COVID 19. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 10(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.2.2021.219-228
Mwanza, R. (2021). Compensation Funds as a Remedial Mechanism for Victims of Corporate Pollution in Kenya: A Feasibility Study. Journal of Environmental Law, 33(3), 557–584. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqab017
Nguyen, X. M., & Tran, Q. T. (2022). Corruption and corporate investment efficiency around the world. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 31(4), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-11-2020-0321
Purba, B., Widiarty, W. S., & Sudjiarto, T. (2023). Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pada Penyaluran Kredit Usaha Rakyat (Studi Kasus Pada Putusan Nomor: 16/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN PTK). 3(5).
Resende De Mendonça, R., Felix De Brito, D., De Franco Rosa, F., Dos Reis, J. C., & Bonacin, R. (2020). A Framework for Detecting Intentions of Criminal Acts in Social Media: A Case Study on Twitter. Information, 11(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11030154
Rohman, N., Pathurrahman, & Mahpudin. (2025). Recruitment of village officials in decentralized Indonesia: National policy, local accommodation and resistance. South East Asia Research, 33(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828X.2025.2483180
Sunggara, A., & Hariansah, S. (2024). Challenges and Threats of Cybercrime in Indonesia: A Review of Legal and Information Technology Aspects Related to Ransomware Attacks on Indonesia’s National Data Center. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, (4), 955–964. https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.4.955.964
Sutisna, E., & Chalil, S. M. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Kredit Perbankan Dihubungkan Dengan Undang Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 Tentang Perubahan Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Kebaharuan, 1(1).
Tajriyani, N. S., Girsang, R. M. A., Gunawan, G., & Situmorang, F. J. P. (2023). Asset Recovery of State Financial Losses in the Corruption of Tourism Grants. In M. Umiyati, I. N. P. Budiartha, A. Saptomo, P. Verhezen, S. H. Idris, C. A. Soares, E. Lisdiyono, F. Santiago, E. Pratomo, A. Sudiro, & A. F. Susanto (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on “Changing of Law: Business Law, Local Wisdom and Tourism Industry” (ICCLB 2023) (Vol. 804, pp. 1283–1295). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-180-7_130
Thommen, M. (2025). In dubio pro REA: Criminal liability risks in resuscitation. Swiss Medical Weekly, 155(12), 5033. https://doi.org/10.57187/s.5033
Wibowo, A. W., & Hariansah, S. (2025). An Analysis of the State’s Role in Regulating and Supervising E-Money Providers as a Form of Digital Consumer Protection. Law Development Journal, 7(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.30659/ldj.7.2.182-195
Wolfe, S. E., & Lawson, S. G. (2020). The organizational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta‐analysis*. Criminology, 58(4), 619–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12251
Yustiarini, D., & Soemardi, B. W. (2020). A review of corruption in public procurement in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 849(1), 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/849/1/012013
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustiani, Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
