Awang Long Law Review

OPTIMIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS TOWARDS THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

2025-11-06T02:08:12-05:00

The International Committee of the Red Cross or ICRC is an international organization that carries out humanitarian missions in the health sector. The ICRC helps international countries that are in criminal conflict to protect the human rights of civilians affected by the conflict. The purpose of this study is that the authors hope to find out the ICRC's optimization of the protection of human rights in the international community. This research uses a literature study research method on the ICRC's optimization of the protection of human rights of the international community in countries that have been given assistance by the ICRC before.

ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN MARRIAGE (MARITAL RAPE): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CRIMINAL LAWS IN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE

2025-11-06T02:08:09-05:00

Marital rape is a form of sexual violence that is often not explicitly recognized in legal systems, especially in countries with strong patriarchal cultures. This article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation and enforcement of marital rape as a criminal offense in Indonesia and Singapore. In Indonesia, the recognition of marital rape as a criminal offense has been strengthened through the new Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023), the PKDRT Law, and the TPKS Law, although its implementation still faces challenges in the form of complaint offenses, social stigma, and a lack of understanding of gender issues among officials. Meanwhile, Singapore has removed legal immunity for husbands since the enactment of the Criminal Law Reform Act 2019, and provides civil protection through Personal Protection Orders (PPOs) and an integrated reporting system. This study uses a normative legal and comparative law approach to examine the differences in the legal systems, regulations, and cultures of the two countries. The results of the study show that Singapore is more progressive in handling cases of marital rape, both in terms of regulations and victim protection mechanisms. This article recommends that Indonesia strengthen inter-agency synergy, reform the reporting system, and improve public legal literacy as strategic steps in combating domestic sexual violence. With a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that the Indonesian legal system can be more responsive to the needs of victims and ensure gender sensitive justice.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE CHARM OF TOURIST VILLAGES: WHEN THE LAW NEEDS TO BE MORE REAL

2025-11-06T02:08:05-05:00

The charm of tourist villages across Indonesia is increasingly attracting attention as an alternative driver of community-based economic growth. Tourist villages serve not only as venues for cultural and natural preservation but also as incubators for various creative economic activities led by local communities. However, behind this economic dynamism, many business practices still operate without clear legal certainty—covering issues such as business entity status, partnership contracts, financial management, and the protection of intellectual property rights. This study explores three key questions: the forms and patterns of business practices within tourist villages, the legal challenges faced by business actors, and the ideal model of business regulation to strengthen the role of rural communities in managing tourist villages. The research employs a juridical-empirical method, using a problem-solving strategy that includes literature review, interviews, and direct observation of two tourist-village sites. The findings show that most business activities in tourist villages are carried out on a micro, small, and medium scale with informally managed operations. Several areas require greater attention and improvement: strengthening synergy between local government and village communities, enhancing legal awareness among local micro-enterprise actors, and addressing tourism safety and insurance standards. The study recommends a business-law regulatory model that formally designates local government as a mandatory partner for mentoring and supervision, implemented under the principle of “Community-Led, Government-Supported,” while ensuring that all major decisions in village tourism management reflect the outcomes of community deliberation.

AN UNREASONABLE PURCHASE OF GOODS: A CRIMINAL LAW PERSPECTIVE

2025-11-06T02:08:07-05:00

The purpose of this study is to compare the criminal law regarding the dishonest purchase of goods or receipt of goods resulting or also known as fencing from crime between the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Penal Code of Singapore. This research uses a normative juridical method, so the data used is secondary. This data consists of the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Singapore Penal Code, as well as journals relevant to the problem. The novelty of this research is that the formulation of criminal sanctions is not only alternative but can be imposed cumulatively, and there is a separate formulation regarding the receipt of stolen motor vehicle goods. The research results show that purchasing criminal goods or receiving stolen property or fencing is regulated under Article 480 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Article 411 of the Singapore Criminal Code. Both define the offense as intentional by a responsible perpetrator. Criminal sanctions under the Indonesian Criminal Code are alternative, and if fencing occurs, there is jurisprudence as source of formal law. While those under the Singapore Penal Code are alternative or cumulative. Receiving stolen property, particularly motor vehicles, carries cumulative penalties, plus a ban on holding or obtaining a driver's license, imposed by the court upon release from prison. The research concludes that fencing is a violation in both Indonesia and Singapore. The only differences lie in the form of punishment stipulated in the Criminal Code and the formulation of receiving stolen property for motor vehicles. The research concludes that fencing is a violation in both Indonesia and Singapore. The only differences lie in the form of punishment stipulated in the Criminal Code and the formulation of receiving stolen property for motor vehicles.